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Maps have been a part of human culture for millenia. Whether information technology's to prove terrain details in preparation for invasion, plotting merchandise routes across oceans, or fifty-fifty how to become from one station to an other, maps can be used for many purposes. Now you can learn how to describe your own!
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Use a topological map to brandish routes. A topological map merely shows routes from 1 point to another. It ignores whatsoever calibration or fifty-fifty the existent-life positioning of the locations. Probably the best example is the London Surreptitious map.
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Practice some planning. To draw a topological map, you need to draw a symbol for each location, and a bunch of lines connecting them together (representing the routes between them). You need to program this out so that you don't finish up with a mess of lines. Call up: the position of the objects on the map does not accept to correspond to their real-life locations.
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Brand some sketches. Attempt sketching it in different ways. It will assist you to see what y'all can modify to get in better. Try making the routes different colours to make them stand out, use different symbols for different types of objects, etc.
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Draw a neat version. This is the version that you volition use as the actual map. Try to make it as groovy equally possible.
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Utilise a planimetric map to show scale/position. A planimetric map is drawn to scale with the objects in the correct positions, only shows no indication of height. Imagine it like flying over the area and taking a photograph. If you lot look at the photograph, y'all tin see where everything is in relation to each other, merely because it is 2D, you tin't see how high upward things are.
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Decide on a scale. Broad area maps usually utilise i:25,000 (4cm = 1km) or 1:50,000 (2cm = 1km) or even bigger. A modest map may apply something similar i:100 (1cm = 1m) or 1:l (2cm = 1m). Maps of actually tiny stuff can use scales such as x,000:ane (1cm = i micron), but you'll probably never need to draw something similar this (unless you lot need to draw a map of a computer fleck that does homework, or something similar).
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Decide on a fundamental. Having a key makes it easier to put stuff on your map, without having to draw it out in miniature. Some usual symbols include blue lines for rivers, squares for buildings, triangles for hills and mountains, etc.
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Selection a reference indicate. As everything is drawn to scale, yous need to pick a reference point (ordinarily the middle of the map, or a prominent characteristic). Imagine it like plotting a graph, you take to have an origin so that you lot know where the points are meant to go.
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Decide which objects you want on your map. For each object, you need to know it's distance from the reference signal and it's bearing (the angle betwixt a line connecting the object to the reference point and a line connecting the reference signal to the N Pole. Measured clockwise from North).
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Decide which direction on your map is North. Draw a little compass on the map to show which way information technology is.
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Use your calibration to convert the real-life distances into map distances. Say y'all take an object 6km away, and your scale is 1:l,000. 6km = 6000m = 600,000 cm. 600,000/50,000 = 12. the object should be 12 cm away on the map.
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Start drawing the objects onto the map. Say you accept an object 6km away at a bearing of 255 degrees. Using the scale, it should exist 12cm abroad from the reference betoken (come across above). Every bit the bearing is 255 degrees, it should be at an angle of 255 degrees clockwise from the Due north direction (usually towards the top of the map). You may wish to draw a faint pencil line from the reference betoken towards North. Mensurate the angles from this line. Recollect: bearings are always given equally clockwise angles.
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Add a scale indicator. In that location are three ways of doing this (each case uses a calibration of 1:50,000):
- Draw a square grid in the background. The lengths of the sides of the squares correspond to some altitude, commonly one kilometre. Make sure that y'all write down what this distance is, somewhere on the map. For the case, the squares would be 2cm across.
- Depict a calibration bar on the map. This is a niggling bar, usually 1 or two cm across, labelled with how long information technology would be in existent life. For the example, a scale bar 1cm long would exist labelled 1/2 km.
- Write the calibration (one:50,000) somewhere on the map. Some maps use a combination of these methods (east.k. the OS maps of Great britain use all 3).
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Draw a topographical map if elevation matters. A topographical map is like to a planimetric map, but information technology shows the heights of objects above (and below) a chosen reference height, usually causeless to be sea level.
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Draw a planimetric map of the expanse. This will serve as the ground for a topographical map.
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Outset plotting contour lines. A profile line connects areas of equal height. Make certain that they are well spaced (e.g. every ten metres). Contour lines may not cantankerous over each other. The closer they are together, the steeper the ground is. The but fourth dimension contour lines are immune to affect is at a cliff border, where the meridian changes very rapidly.
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Label the profile lines. Don't label every one, you'll exist there forever. Usually, merely every five or ten lines are labelled.
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Identify a dot at the highest points of hills. Label these dots with the height of the hills.
- The picture shows the procedure of plotting profile lines.
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Question
How to differentiate between land forms marked by contour lines?
Kathy5421
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Y'all should utilise a central, which is a chart that tells the reader what the icons are.
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Although it'due south not a necessity, when drawing a topological map, try to draw information technology without the lines crossing each other.
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If you mess up, scrap it and kickoff again.
Cheers for submitting a tip for review!
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When drawing very large areas, there may be some distortion. This is due to the curvature of the Earth. In this case, you'll need some form of project (e.g. Mercator projection) to brand your map look more than professional person.
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Commodity Summary Ten
To draw a simple topological map to display routes, start with some preliminary sketches so you tin map out each location. Depict a symbol for each location and add lines to connect them, which represent dissimilar routes that can be used. Try making the road lines different colors so they stand out, and use a variety of symbols to represent dissimilar types of objects. Once y'all've got everything worked out, create a final version of the map that'due south as dandy as possible. For tips on making other kinds of maps, like planimetric and topographical maps, read on!
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